k8s--pod控制器
1:控制器
-
控制器接介绍
1、自主式Pod，直接创建出来的Pod，pod删除了就没有了
2、控制器创建pod,通过控制器创建出来的pod,这种pod删除后，还会自动的重建
3、作用
1、pod控制器通过标签来管理一定数量的pod，创建多少的数量，如果pod出现了问题，策略重启和重建Pod
1、replicaSet(rs)
1、创建的数量的pod能够正常的运行
[root@master rs]# cat rs-num.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: nginx-11
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 3 #数量为3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-pod
template:
metadata:
name: nginx1
labels:
app: nginx-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.2
2、扩缩容
[root@master rs]# kubectl edit rs -n dev nginx-11 #使用edit来进行编辑即可
replicaset.apps/nginx-11 edited
[root@master rs]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-11-kvvpn 1/1 Running 0 4m39s
3、镜像版本的升级
[root@master rs]# kubectl get rs -n dev -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-pod 3 3 3 32s nxing nginx:1.17.2 app=nginx-pod
[root@master rs]# kubectl edit rs -n dev nginx-pod
replicaset.apps/nginx-pod edited
[root@master rs]# kubectl get rs -n dev -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-pod 3 3 3 52s nxing nginx:1.17.1 app=nginx-pod
#删除里面的pod一个，之后再来创建的Pod就会是新的镜像的构成的
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 18s default-scheduler Successfully assigned dev/nginx-pod-52hq5 to node1
Normal Pulling 18s kubelet Pulling image "nginx:1.17.1"
Normal Pulled 2s kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx:1.17.1" in 16.375s (16.375s including waiting)
Normal Created 2s kubelet Created container nxing
Normal Started 2s kubelet Started container nxing
2、deployment(deploy)
1、支持很多的rs的功能
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-deploy
template:
metadata:
name: nginxde
labels:
app: nginx-deploy
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.2
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-f6b7dbf7-27zq5 1/1 Running 0 7s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-bm7vq 1/1 Running 0 7s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-z75d5 1/1 Running 0 7s
nginx-pod-52hq5 1/1 Running 0 10m
nginx-pod-wsr2l 1/1 Running 0 12m
nginx-pod-zmx5l 1/1 Running 0 12m
2、重建更新
重建更新
#一次更新所有的镜像
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: Recreate
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-deploy
template:
metadata:
name: nginxde
labels:
app: nginx-deploy
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.2
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-f6b7dbf7-b8z6q 1/1 Running 0 5s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-hvpww 1/1 Running 0 5s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-qrztz 1/1 Running 0 5s
#更新镜像版本
[root@master ~]# kubectl set image -n dev deployment/nginx nginx=nginx:1.17.1
deployment.apps/nginx image updated
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployments.apps -n dev -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx 3/3 3 3 5m29s nginx nginx:1.17.1 app=nginx-deploy
#里面的pod里面的镜像也全部更新了
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-d8d99f5bb-7zk9w 1/1 Running 0 3m6s
nginx-d8d99f5bb-mmrfp 1/1 Running 0 3m6s
nginx-d8d99f5bb-p485m 1/1 Running 0 3m6s
3、滚动更新
#先更新一部分
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate #滚动更新
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 25%
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-deploy
template:
metadata:
name: nginxde
labels:
app: nginx-deploy
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.2
#更新镜像
[root@master deployment]# kubectl set image -n dev deploy/nginx nginx=nginx:1.17.1
deployment.apps/nginx image updated
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get deployments.apps -n dev -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx 3/3 3 3 17m nginx nginx app=nginx-deploy
4、扩缩容
#命令来进行编辑
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale -n dev deployment/nginx --replicas=5
deployment.apps/nginx scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-f6b7dbf7-7vfhn 1/1 Running 0 10h
nginx-f6b7dbf7-d5chw 1/1 Running 0 5s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-fbflf 1/1 Running 0 5s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-hnnnz 1/1 Running 0 10h
nginx-f6b7dbf7-nssr7 1/1 Running 0 10h
#edit也可以进行编辑，用法与之前的rs一样
5、版本回退
1、deploy镜像升级的话,会创建一个新的rs，里面再来创建pod，老的rs的pod删除掉
2、留老rs的作用就是版本回退
[root@master deployment]# kubectl create -f deploy.yaml --record #记录
Flag --record has been deprecated, --record will be removed in the future
deployment.apps/nginx created
#编辑里面的版本
[root@master deployment]# kubectl edit -n dev deployments.apps/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx edited
#显示升级的状态
[root@master deployment]# kubectl rollout history -n dev deployment/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1 kubectl create --filename=deploy.yaml --record=true
2 kubectl create --filename=deploy.yaml --record=true
#回退到上一个版本，不指定的话，默认是回退到上一个版本
[root@master deployment]# kubectl rollout undo -n dev deployment/nginx --to-revision 1
deployment.apps/nginx rolled back
#rs也会回退到上一个rs里面
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get rs -n dev
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-d8d99f5bb 0 0 0 3m29s
nginx-f6b7dbf7 3 3 3 5m29s
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get deployments.apps -n dev -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx 3/3 3 3 5m37s nginx nginx:1.17.2 app=nginx-deploy
6、金丝雀发布
1、支持在更新的过程控制，暂停，继续更新等操作
在更新的过程，先将一部分更新应用，测试一下，发个请求，好的话，就全部更新，不是好的话，就回退版本
#更新然后立刻暂停
[root@master deployment]# kubectl set image -n dev deploy/nginx nginx=nginx:1.17.1 && kubectl rollout pause deployment -n dev nginx
deployment.apps/nginx image updated
deployment.apps/nginx paused
#查看当前升级的状态
[root@master deployment]# kubectl rollout status deployment -n dev
Waiting for deployment "nginx" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get rs -n dev
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-d8d99f5bb 1 1 1 11m
nginx-f6b7dbf7 3 3 3 13m
#发送一个请求
[root@master deployment]# curl 10.244.1.46:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
#持续更新
##取消暂停更新
[root@master deployment]# kubectl rollout resume -n dev deployment/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx resumed
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-d8d99f5bb-9gj4t 1/1 Running 0 3s
nginx-d8d99f5bb-fjhk6 1/1 Running 0 3m50s
nginx-d8d99f5bb-sll2t 1/1 Running 0 2s
nginx-f6b7dbf7-fl8b7 0/1 Terminating 0 11m
[root@master deployment]# kubectl rollout status -n dev deployment/nginx
deployment "nginx" successfully rolled out
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-d8d99f5bb-9gj4t 1/1 Running 0 22s
nginx-d8d99f5bb-fjhk6 1/1 Running 0 4m9s
nginx-d8d99f5bb-sll2t 1/1 Running 0 21s
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get rs -n dev
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
nginx-d8d99f5bb 3 3 3 15m
nginx-f6b7dbf7 0 0 0 17m
3、hpa
1、主要就是自动的扩缩容，获取了每一个pod的利用率，与pod上面的hpa定义的指标进行比较，如果超过的话，就自动的扩容，当访问量减少的话，会删除增加的pod
2、通过监控pod负载均衡的情况，实现pod数量扩缩容
1、安装检测软件
#安装一个监控的软件metries-server
[root@master deployment]# wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.6.3/components.yaml
#手动拉取这个国内的镜像
[root@master deployment]# ctr image pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.3
#修改这2行
- --kubelet-insecure-tls
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.3
#这个便是那个pod提供监控负载均衡的软件
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system metrics-server-6779c94dff-tjv8f
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
metrics-server-6779c94dff-tjv8f 1/1 Running 0 58s
#查看资源的使用情况
[root@master deployment]# kubectl top node
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
master.novalocal 225m 3% 1061Mi 6%
node1 51m 0% 617Mi 3%
node2 47m 0% 576Mi 3%
[root@master deployment]# kubectl top pod -n dev
NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)
nginx-d8d99f5bb-9gj4t 0m 1Mi
nginx-d8d99f5bb-fjhk6 0m 1Mi
nginx-d8d99f5bb-sll2t 0m 1Mi
2、测试hpa
#先创建一个deploy，再来创建一个hpa
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 25%
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-deploy
template:
metadata:
name: nginxde
labels:
app: nginx-deploy
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.2
resources: #必须要有资源的限定，才能做
requests:
cpu: 100m
#创建一个hpa控制器
[root@master deployment]# cat hpa.yaml
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: hpanginx
namespace: dev
spec:
scaleTargetRef: #控制的deploy控制器
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: deploy
name: nginx
minReplicas: 1 #最小Pod数量
maxReplicas: 10 #最大pod数量
metrics: #定义伸缩规则
- type: Resource #伸缩类型是资源
resource:
name: cpu #要伸缩的资源是cpu
target:
type: Utilization #目标类型是利用率
averageUtilization: 3 #cpu的平均利用率是3%
#查看hpa信息
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get hpa -n dev
NAME REFERENCE TARGETS MINPODS MAXPODS REPLICAS AGE
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 0%/30% 1 10 3 94s
#暴露端口，进行压力测试
[root@master deployment]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --port=80 -n dev
service/nginx exposed
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get svc -n dev
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx NodePort 10.96.20.47 <none> 80:30528/TCP 4s
#循环脚本
[root@master deployment]# cat curl.sh
while `true`
do
curl 10.104.43.43:30528 &> /dev/null
done
#观察hpa,pod
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get hpa -n dev -w
NAME REFERENCE TARGETS MINPODS MAXPODS REPLICAS AGE
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 3%/3% 1 10 2 19s
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 0%/3% 1 10 2 30s
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 10%/3% 1 10 2 45s
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 20%/3% 1 10 4 60s
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 10%/3% 1 10 8 75s
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 2%/3% 1 10 10 90s
hpanginx Deployment/nginx 0%/3% 1 10 10 105s
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-bv24r 1/1 Running 0 3m43s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-v7vnx 1/1 Running 0 9m51s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-hfd9w 0/1 Pending 0 0s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-xmlr9 0/1 Pending 0 0s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-hfd9w 0/1 Pending 0 0s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-xmlr9 0/1 Pending 0 0s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-hfd9w 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-xmlr9 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-hfd9w 1/1 Running 0 1s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-xmlr9 1/1 Running 0 2s
#当访问量减少时，pod会自动的减少，需要一定的时间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-7258w 1/1 Running 0 2m6s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-bv24r 1/1 Running 0 6m27s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-h2hq9 1/1 Running 0 2m6s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-hfd9w 1/1 Running 0 2m21s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-ncjq4 1/1 Running 0 111s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-t2glk 1/1 Running 0 2m6s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-tlcn9 1/1 Running 0 2m6s
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-v7vnx 1/1 Running 0 12m
4、daemonset(ds)
每个node节点上面都有一个pod，可以运用于监控使用，日志收集等作用
#网络插件的就是这种类型的，每一个node节点上面都有一个pod，提供网络服务
[root@master deployment]# cat daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-daemon
namespace: dev
spec:
selector: #匹配的标签
matchLabels:
app: nginx-daemon
template:
metadata:
name: nginx-dd
labels:
app: nginx-daemon
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.1
#每个节点上面都有一个pod
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get pod -o wide -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-v7vnx 1/1 Running 0 20m 10.244.2.41 node2 <none> <none>
nginx-daemon-4v4gf 1/1 Running 0 16s 10.244.1.56 node1 <none> <none>
nginx-daemon-vt25q 1/1 Running 0 16s 10.244.2.46 node2 <none> <none>
5、job
1、用于负责处理一次性任务，一次性任务，结束后就没有了
2、重启策略不能设置为always，一但结束后，又要进行重启，不符合
onfailure，
never
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: nginxjob
namespace: dev
spec:
manualSelector: true
completions: 6 #一共有6个Pod
parallelism: 3 #每轮执行3个(并发的执行)
selector:
matchLabels:
app: job
template:
metadata:
name: job1
labels:
app: job
spec:
restartPolicy: Never
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox:1.30
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do echo $i;sleep 5;done"]
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-5bf8cbdf5d-v7vnx 1/1 Running 0 30m
nginx-daemon-4v4gf 1/1 Running 0 10m
nginx-daemon-vt25q 1/1 Running 0 10m
nginxjob-2cpwh 0/1 Completed 0 63s
nginxjob-7xtdd 0/1 Completed 0 63s
nginxjob-c52fk 0/1 Completed 0 63s
nginxjob-k2r74 1/1 Running 0 25s
nginxjob-szlzd 1/1 Running 0 25s
nginxjob-zr8d2 1/1 Running 0 25s
[root@master deployment]# kubectl get job -n dev
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
nginxjob 3/6 70s 70s
6、cronjob
#周期性的执行job任务
[root@master deployment]# cat cronjob.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
name: pcjob
namespace: dev
labels:
app: job2
spec:
schedule: "*/1 * * * *"
jobTemplate:
metadata:
name: job2
labels:
app: job2
spec:
template:
spec:
restartPolicy: Never
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox:1.30
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do echo $i;sleep 5;done"]